A Pilot Trial Targeting the ICOS-ICOS-L Pathway in Nonhuman Primate Kidney Transplantation

A pilot trial targeting the ICOS-ICOS-L pathway in nonhuman primate kidney transplantation.

Costimulation blockade with the B7-CD28 pathway-specific agent belatacept is now used in clinical kidney transplantation, but its efficacy remains imperfect. Numerous alternate costimulatory pathways have been proposed as targets to synergize with belatacept, one of which being the inducible costimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand (ICOS-L) pathway. Combined ICOS-ICOS-L and CD28-B7 blockade has been sho...

Pilot Study of Delayed ICOS/ICOS-L Blockade With αCD40 to Modulate Pathogenic Alloimmunity in a Primate Cardiac Allograft Model

Background Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is rapidly upregulated with T-cell stimulation and may represent an escape pathway for T-cell costimulation in the setting of CD40/CD154 costimulation blockade. Induction treatment exhibited no efficacy in a primate renal allograft model, but rodent transplant models suggest that the addition of delayed ICOS/ICOS-L blockade may prolong allograft survival...

B7h (ICOS-L) maintains tolerance at the fetomaternal interface.

In a successful pregnancy, the semiallogeneic fetus is not rejected by the maternal immune system, which implies tolerance mechanisms protecting fetal tissues from maternal immune attack. Here we report that the ICOS-B7h costimulatory pathway plays a critical role in maintaining the equilibrium at the fetomaternal interface. Blockade of this pathway increased fetal resorption and decreased feta...

Retrogenic ICOS Expression Increases

ICOS regulates ILC2s in asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways leading to airway hyperreactivity and bronchoconstriction in response to allergens as well as unspecific stimuli such as cold air [1]. Classically, the key player cells in the pathogenesis of asthma are known to be T helper cells subsets including Th2, Th9 and Th17 as well as iNK T cells and dendritic cells [1-3]. An important aspect of the classi...